Which type of evidence directly proves a fact without requiring further inference?

The type of evidence that directly proves a fact without requiring further inference is known as prima facie or direct evidence. This type of evidence provides a straightforward and clear indication of a fact, leaving little to no room for interpretation or assumption. For example, eyewitness testimony stating that a person saw a crime occur is considered direct evidence because it directly relates to the event in question.

In contrast, circumstantial evidence and indirect evidence rely on inference. They require additional reasoning or context to connect the evidence to the conclusion. For example, if a person is seen near a crime scene, that alone does not directly prove involvement in the crime; it requires further analysis to draw conclusions about their actions.

Demonstrative evidence serves to illustrate or clarify facts but does not, on its own, establish truth as direct evidence does. This type of evidence might include charts, diagrams, or models that help to visualize information but again relies on direct or circumstantial evidence to confirm specific facts.

By understanding that prima facie or direct evidence speaks to a fact immediately and conclusively without requiring further reasoning, one can appreciate its essential role in legal proceedings and investigations where clear proof is necessary.